Introduction

What happens when a set tries to contain itself? This paper revisits Russell’s Paradox at the fault line of Frege’s logicism, showing how a single self-referential construction can fracture an axiomatic program and spur the development of modern set theory. I trace the paradox’s historical roots, formal structure, and principal resolutions (from type-theoretic stratifications to ZF-style restrictions), highlighting what each approach preserves and what it must concede about mathematical truth.